προέχω

προέχω, [var] contr. [full] προὔχω, as always in Hom., exc. Od.12.11 (v. infr. B), also in S. and Th.: [tense] fut. προέξω: [tense] aor. προέσχον, [voice] Med. προεσχόμην, προὐσχόμην, cf. προΐσχω:—

A hold before,

τὴν ἀσπίδα τῆς κωλῆς Ar.Nu. 989

; esp. so as to protect another,

τὼ χεῖρε π. X.Cyr.2.3.10

:—[voice] Med., hold before oneself,

προὔχοντο ἑκάστοθι ἐννέα ταύρους Od.3.8

; hold out before one,

πρὸ δούρατ' ἔχοντο Il.17.355

, cf. Hdt.2.42; προὐσχόμην σε held you out as a child (to do your needs), Ar.Nu.1385.

2 metaph. in [voice] Med., put forward as a pretext,

τάδ' ἂν προὔχοιο S.Ant.80

; ὅπερ μάλιστα προὔχονται εἰ καθαιρεθείη, μὴ ἂν γίγνεσθαι τὸν πόλεμον the cancellation of which is the chief consideration in return for which they pretend that war would not occur, Th.1.140.

b hold forth, offer,

ἃ προείχοντο αὐτοῖς Id.3.68

: προΐσχομαι (q.v.) is more usual in this sense.

II to be possessed or informed of a thing beforehand,

π. τῶν Ἀθηναίων οὐ φιλίας γνώμας Hdt.9.4

, cf. D.S.31.27, D.C. 43.3.

2 have before, ἃ προεῖχεν μισθῷ ὁ . . Πτολεμαῖος had hitherto on lease, BGU889.9 (ii A.D.), cf. Sammelb.5672.5 (ii A.D.), etc.; εἰς τοῦτο ὑπολόγησον ὃ προέχουσι what they have already received, PPetr.2p.32(iii B.C.): abs., ὁ προέχων the first recipient, Arist.EN 1164b9.

B intr., jut out, project, in Hom. in a local sense, of headlands, towers, hills,

ὅθ' ἀκρότατος πρόεχ' ἀκτή Od.12.11

, cf. 10.90;

ἐπ' ἠϊόνας προὐχούσας 6.138

;

πύργῳ ἐπὶ προὔχοντι Il.22.97

;

ἐπὶ προὔχοντι μελάθρῳ Od.19.544

;

ἀκτὴ προέχουσα ἐς τὸν πόντον Hdt.4.177

, cf. Th. 4.109,6.97;

τὸ προὔχον τῆς ἐμβολῆς Id.2.76

: generally, project, c. gen.,

προέχουσα κάρης εὐρεῖα καλύπτρη Call.Fr.125

.

II in running, to be the first, have the start, Il.23.325: c. gen., ἡμέρης ὁδῷ π. τῶν Περσέων keep ahead of them by a day's march, Hdt.4.120; προέχων τῶν ἄλλων [ὁ ἵππος] getting before the rest, Id.9.22; τῇ κεφαλῇ π. beat by a head, in racing, X.Cyr.4.3.16: of Time, προεῖχε [ἡ τριήρης] ἡμέρᾳ καὶ νυκτί started first by . . , Th.3.49;

π. εἴκοσιν ἔτεσιν Pl.Lg.879c

: metaph., have the advantage of,

τινὸς τῷ διπλασίῳ Antipho3.3.2

.

2 of rank, c. gen., δήμου προὔχουσιν they are the first or chief of the people, h.Cer.151; τοῦ Δωρικοῦ, τοῦ Ἰωνικοῦ [γένεος], Hdt.1.56: abs., to be superior, Th.1.39, 3.82;

ἀνθρωπεία φύσις πολεμία τοῦ προὔχοντος

to all that is eminent,

Id.3.84

; οἱ προὔχοντες the chief men, Id.5.17; οἱ π. [βίοι] the principal kinds of lives, Arist.EN1095b18.

3 surpass, excel, Th.7.66: freq. c. gen., τὸ Ἄργος π. ἅπασι τῶν ἐν τῇ . . χώρῃ in all things, Hdt.1.1, cf. 32;

τέχνα γὰρ τέχνας ἑτέρας προὔχει S.Ph.138

(lyr.);

πολὺ προὔχουσα θεάων Call.Del.218

;

π. αὐτέων τοσοῦτον ὅσον . . Hdt.2.136

;

πολλῷ π. Id.3.82

; π. δυνάμει, πλήθει καὶ ἐμπειρίᾳ, Th.1.18, 121;

τοσοῦτον ἐκείνων μεγέθει π. Luc.Musc.Enc.1

: also π. τινὸς τιμήν to be preferred to him in honour, S.Ant.208;

π. ἔν τινος λαμπρότητι Th.6.16

;

μικρὸν π. ἐν τοῖς μεγάλοις μᾶλλον ἢ πολὺ διαφέρειν ἐν τοῖς μικροῖς Isoc.10.5

;

κατά τι Luc.Am.30

.

b rarely c. acc. pers., X.An.3.2.19(nisi secl. [ἡμᾶς]):—[voice] Pass., to be excelled,

οὐθὲν π. ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός Plu.2.1038d

; to be in worse case, Ep.Rom.3.9.

III impers., οὔ τι προέχει it is of no advantage, c. inf., Hdt.9.27.